Learning New Words: Parts of Speech, Suffixes
2022-04-30
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1Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question from Erol from Turkey.
2Hello,
3My name is Erol.
4What is the best way of learning words?
5I am very confused about this subject.
6Can you give me some advice about learning words, please?
7Thank you for emailing us this very important question, Erol!
8There are many ways to learn words in English.
9Over the next two weeks, we will talk about learning different parts of speech, or word families, and using suffixes.
10Many language teachers say there are eight different parts of speech in English.
11We will look at the four major parts of speech that include most content words: nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.
12Nouns are people, places, things, or ideas.
13Adjectives are words that describe nouns.
14Verbs describe actions or states of being.
15And adverbs describe adjectives, verbs or even other adverbs.
16In this simple sentence we can see all four major parts of speech.
17Warm days have quickly come.
18"Warm" is the adjective that describes the noun, "days."
19"Quickly" is the adverb that describes "have come," the verb in the sentence.
20We use suffixes after the base form or root of a word.
21The root is the simplest form of the word.
22We can use suffixes to change the meaning of words by adding them to the base form.
23So, if we know one word, like a verb, we could use a suffix to change that part of speech to another part of speech.
24This idea is very helpful for learning new words.
25We can create several new words from a base form when we add suffixes.
26For example, if we have the verb "to argue," we can add the suffix -ment to make the noun "argument."
27Or if we have a verb like "create," we can add -ive to the end to make the adjective "creative."
28In this case, we drop the final e at the end of the verb and add the suffix.
29To turn some nouns and adjectives into verbs, we can use the suffixes -ize or -ify.
30For example:
31"Beauty" (noun) + suffix -ify = "beautify"
32Remove the -y and add the suffix.
33"Organization" (noun) + suffix -ize = "organize"
34We can drop the ending -ation, a noun suffix, to get the base form.
35Then add -ize, the verbal ending.
36To turn some verbs into nouns, we can use the suffix -er, -ment or -ation.
37For example:
38"Argue" (verb) + suffix -ment = "argument"
39Drop the -e and add the suffix.
40"Dance" (verb) + suffix -er = "dancer"
41"Create" (verb) + suffix -ation = "creation"
42Drop the -e and add the suffix
43Some adjectives can also become nouns with suffixes -ity or -ty.
44For example:
45"Responsible" (adjective) + suffix -ity = "responsibility"
46Drop the -e and add the suffix
47We can also use the suffixes -ist or -ism to make other nouns.
48For example:
49"Active" (adjective) + suffix -ist = "activist"
50Drop the -e and add the suffix
51"Magnet" (noun) + -ism = "magnetism."
52Some English teachers use a chart to show the possible words you can make using suffixes.
53Next week on Ask a Teacher, we will continue learning how to make new words by adding suffixes.
54And we will fill in the chart of words we have been talking about by making adjectives and adverbs with suffixes.
55What question do you have about American English?
56Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com
57And that's Ask a Teacher.
58I'm Faith Pirlo
1Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question from Erol from Turkey. 2Question: 3Hello, 4My name is Erol. What is the best way of learning words? I am very confused about this subject. Can you give me some advice about learning words, please? 5Answer: 6Thank you for emailing us this very important question, Erol! 7There are many ways to learn words in English. Over the next two weeks, we will talk about learning different parts of speech, or word families, and using suffixes. 8What are parts of speech or word families? 9Many language teachers say there are eight different parts of speech in English. We will look at the four major parts of speech that include most content words: nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. 10Nouns are people, places, things, or ideas. Adjectives are words that describe nouns. Verbs describe actions or states of being. And adverbs describe adjectives, verbs or even other adverbs. 11In this simple sentence we can see all four major parts of speech. 12Warm days have quickly come. 13"Warm" is the adjective that describes the noun, "days." "Quickly" is the adverb that describes "have come," the verb in the sentence. 14Suffixes 15We use suffixes after the base form or root of a word. The root is the simplest form of the word. We can use suffixes to change the meaning of words by adding them to the base form. 16So, if we know one word, like a verb, we could use a suffix to change that part of speech to another part of speech. This idea is very helpful for learning new words. We can create several new words from a base form when we add suffixes. 17For example, if we have the verb "to argue," we can add the suffix -ment to make the noun "argument." 18Or if we have a verb like "create," we can add -ive to the end to make the adjective "creative." 19In this case, we drop the final e at the end of the verb and add the suffix. 20Making verbs 21To turn some nouns and adjectives into verbs, we can use the suffixes -ize or -ify. 22For example: 23"Beauty" (noun) + suffix -ify = "beautify" 24Remove the -y and add the suffix. 25"Organization" (noun) + suffix -ize = "organize" 26We can drop the ending -ation, a noun suffix, to get the base form. Then add -ize, the verbal ending. 27Making nouns 28To turn some verbs into nouns, we can use the suffix -er, -ment or -ation. 29For example: 30"Argue" (verb) + suffix -ment = "argument" 31Drop the -e and add the suffix. 32"Dance" (verb) + suffix -er = "dancer" 33"Create" (verb) + suffix -ation = "creation" 34Drop the -e and add the suffix 35Some adjectives can also become nouns with suffixes -ity or -ty. 36For example: 37"Responsible" (adjective) + suffix -ity = "responsibility" 38Drop the -e and add the suffix 39We can also use the suffixes -ist or -ism to make other nouns. 40For example: 41"Active" (adjective) + suffix -ist = "activist" 42Drop the -e and add the suffix 43"Magnet" (noun) + -ism = "magnetism." 44Some English teachers use a chart to show the possible words you can make using suffixes. 45Nouns 46Verbs 47Adjectives 48Adverbs 49Creation 50Create 51Argument 52Argue 53Dancer 54Dance 55Responsibility 56Responsible 57Activist 58Active 59Next week on Ask a Teacher, we will continue learning how to make new words by adding suffixes. And we will fill in the chart of words we have been talking about by making adjectives and adverbs with suffixes. 60What question do you have about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com 61And that's Ask a Teacher. 62I'm Faith Pirlo 63Faith Pirlo wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English. 64Words in This Story 65suffix -n. a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning 66confused - adj. to be uncertain or unable to understand something 67content words - n. words that add meaning to a sentence 68chart -n. a form of presenting information using a table or columns to group things 69Do you have a question for the teacher? We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section.